I-Surface Chemistry nokuhlolwa kwezindawo ezingaphezulu nokuguqulwa kobuso kanye nokwenza ngcono

Inkulumo ethi "Ubuso bumboza yonke into" ingeyodwa okufanele sonke siyinike umzuzwana ukuze sicabange ngayo. Isayensi yobuso obuphezulu iwucwaningo lwezinto ezibonakalayo nezakhemikhali ezenzeka ekuxhumaneni kwezigaba ezimbili, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana okuqinile noketshezi, ukuxhumana kwegesi eqinile, ukuxhumana kwe-solid-vacuum, kanye nezindawo zokusebenzelana negesi ewuketshezi. Kuhlanganisa imikhakha ye-surface chemistry kanye ne-surface physics. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene nazo zibizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi ubunjiniyela bomhlaba. Ubunjiniyela bobuso buhlanganisa imiqondo efana ne-heterogeneous catalysis, ukwakhiwa kwedivayisi ye-semiconductor, amaseli kaphethiloli, ama-monolayer azihlanganisa wona ngokwawo, nezinamatheliso.

 

Ikhemistri engaphezulu ingachazwa kabanzi njengocwaningo lokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni zokusebenzelana. Ihlobene eduze nobunjiniyela bangaphandle, okuhloswe ngayo ukulungisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwendawo ngokuhlanganisa izakhi ezikhethiwe noma amaqembu asebenzayo akhiqiza imithelela ehlukahlukene efiselekayo noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zendawo noma isixhumi esibonakalayo. Isayensi yendawo engaphezulu ibaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni efana ne-heterogeneous catalysis kanye nokumbozwa kwefilimu emincane.

 

Ukucwaninga nokuhlaziywa kwezindawo ezingaphezulu kuhilela kokubili amasu okuhlaziya angokwenyama namakhemikhali. Izindlela ezimbalwa zesimanje ziphenya indawo ephezulu kakhulu engu-1–10 nm echayeke ku-vacuum. Lokhu kufaka i-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), i-Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), i-low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), i-electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), i-thermal desorption spectroscopy, i-ion scattering spectroscopy, i-ion mass spectrometry yesibili (SIMS) , nezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya indawo. Eziningi zalezi zindlela zidinga i-vacuum nemishini ebizayo njengoba zithembele ekutholeni ama-electron noma ama-ion akhishwa phezulu ngaphansi kocwaningo. Ngaphandle kwamasu anjalo amakhemikhali, ngokomzimba kuhlanganise namasu optical nawo asetshenziswa.

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Kunoma imaphi amaphrojekthi obunjiniyela angaba khona ahlanganisa indawo engaphezulu, izinto ezinamathelayo, ukuthuthukiswa kokunamathela endaweni engaphezulu, ukuguqulwa kwendawo ukuze kwenziwe indawo engaphezulu ibe ne-hydrophobic (ukumanzisa okunzima), i-hydrophillic (ukumanzisa kalula), i-antistatic, i-antibacterial noma i-antifungal...njll., xhumana nathi kanye nososayensi bethu bangaphandle. izokusiza emizamweni yakho yokuklama neyokuthuthukisa. Sinolwazi lokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ongazisebenzisa ukuhlaziya indawo yakho ethile kanye nokufinyelela kumishini yokuhlola ethuthuke kakhulu.

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Ezinye zezinsizakalo esizihlinzekayo zokuhlaziya indawo, ukuhlola nokulungiswa yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ezingaphezulu

•  Ukuguqulwa kwezindawo kusetshenziswa amasu afanelekile njenge-flame hydrolysis, ukwelashwa kwe-plasma surface, ukubekwa kwezingqimba ezisebenzayo….etc.

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuhlaziywa kwendawo, ukuhlolwa nokuguqulwa

• Ukukhethwa, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukuguqulwa kokwelashwa okungaphezulu kanye nemishini yokuguqula, inqubo kanye nemishini yokuhlukanisa abalingiswa

• Buyisela emuva ubunjiniyela bokwelapha okungaphezulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile

• Ukuhlubula nokususwa kwezakhiwo zefilimu ezizacile ezihlulekile kanye nama-coatings ukuze kuhlaziywe indawo engaphansi ukuze kutholwe imbangela.

• Izinkonzo zofakazi abangochwepheshe nezinkantolo

• Amasevisi okubonisana

 

Senza ukuguqulwa kwendawo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwezingubo nama-substrates

• Ukwenza izindawo zibe yi-hydrophobic noma i-hydrophilic

• Ukwenza indawo ibe yi-antistatic noma i-static

• Ukwenza izindawo zibe yi-antifungal kanye ne-antibacterial

 

Amafilimu Amancane Nezingubo

Amafilimu azacile noma ama-coatings ayizingqimba zempahla ezacile ezisukela ezingxenyeni ze-nanometer (i-monolayer) ukuya kuma-micrometer ambalwa ngogqinsi. Imishini ye-elekthronikhi ye-semiconductor, i-optical coatings, i-coatings resistant scratch ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ezizuza ekwakhiweni kwefilimu encane.

 

Ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwamafilimu azacile isibuko sasendlini ngokuvamile esiba nensimbi ezacile ngemuva kweshidi lengilazi ukuze sakhe isixhumi esibonakalayo esikhanyayo. Inqubo yokwenza isiliva yayivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izibuko. Kulezi zinsuku kusetshenziswa izimbotshana zefilimu ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ifilimu encane kakhulu (engaphansi kwe-nanometer) isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izibuko ezimbili. Ukusebenza kwama-optical coatings (okufana ne-antireflective, noma ama-AR coatings) ngokuvamile kuyathuthukiswa uma i-coating yefilimu ezacile iqukethe izendlalelo eziningi ezinogqinsi oluhlukahlukene kanye nezinkomba zokukhanyela. Izakhiwo zezikhathi ezifanayo ezifanayo zamafilimu azacile ashintshanayo wezinto ezihlukene zingase zakhe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-superlattice esebenzisa ukwenzeka kokuvalelwa kwe-quantum ngokukhawulela izenzakalo ze-elekthronikhi zibe izinhlangothi ezimbili. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo zefilimu ezacile amafilimu azacile e-ferromagnetic azosetshenziswa njengenkumbulo yekhompyutha, ukulethwa kwezidakamizwa zefilimu elincanyana elisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, amabhethri amafilimu amancane. Amafilimu amancane e-Ceramic nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi. Ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokungangenisi kwezinto zobumba kwenza lezi zinhlobo zezingubo ezincanyana ezithakaselayo ukuze kuvikelwe izinto ezingaphansi kokugqwala, i-oxidation nokuguga. Ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezinjalo kumathuluzi okusika kungandisa impilo yalezi zinto ngama-oda amaningana wobukhulu. Ucwaningo luyenziwa ezicelweni eziningi. Isibonelo socwaningo ikilasi elisha lezinto ezisetshenziswayo zefilimu encanyana ye-inorganic oxide, ebizwa nge-amorphous heavy-metal cation multicomponent oxide, engase isetshenziselwe ukwenza ama-transistors abonisa ngale angabizi, azinze, futhi angabi nabungozi endaweni.

 

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isifundo sobunjiniyela, indawo yamafilimu amancanyana idinga onjiniyela bemikhakha eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa nonjiniyela bamakhemikhali. Sinezinsiza ezivelele kule ndawo futhi singakunikeza lezi zinsizakalo ezilandelayo:

• Ifilimu elizacile nelineni lidizayina futhi lithuthuke

• Ifilimu elizacile nezimpawu zokumbozwa okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali nokuhlaziya.

• Ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali nokomzimba kwamafilimu amancanyana nama-coatings (i-plating, i-CSD, i-CVD, i-MOCVD, i-PECVD, i-MBE, i-PVD efana ne-sputtering, i-reactive sputtering, kanye nokuhwamuka, i-e-beam, i-topotaxy)

• Ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zefilimu ezacile eziyinkimbinkimbi, sakha izakhiwo zezinto eziningi ezifana nama-nano-composites, izakhiwo ze-3D, izitaki zezendlalelo ezihlukene, ama-multilayer,…. njll.

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo kanye nokwenza kahle kwefilimu elincanyana kanye ne-coating deposition, etching, processing

• Ukukhethwa, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukuguqulwa kwefilimu elincanyana kanye nenqubo yokumboza kanye nemishini yokubeka abalingisi

• Ubunjiniyela obuhlanekezwayo bamafilimu amancane nezingubo zokumboza, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali nokomzimba kwezendlalelo ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokuhlanganisa eziningi ukuze kunqunywe okuqukethwe kwamakhemikhali, amabhondi, ukwakheka kanye nezakhiwo.

• Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yezimpande zezakhiwo zefilimu ezincane ezihlulekile kanye nezingubo

• Izinkonzo zofakazi abangochwepheshe nezinkantolo

• Amasevisi okubonisana