Surface Chemistry & Kuyesa kwa Pamwamba & Kusintha Kwapamwamba ndi Kupititsa patsogolo

Mawu oti "Pamwamba amaphimba chilichonse" ndi amodzi omwe tonse tiyenera kupereka kamphindi kuti tiganizire. Sayansi yapamwamba ndi kafukufuku wa zochitika zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala zomwe zimachitika pa mawonekedwe a magawo awiri, kuphatikiza malo olumikizirana ndi madzi olimba, malo olumikizirana ndi gasi olimba, malo olumikizirana ndi vacuum olimba, ndi kulumikizana ndi gasi wamadzimadzi. Zimaphatikizapo magawo a pamwamba chemistry ndi pamwamba physics. Ntchito zofananira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatchedwa uinjiniya wamtunda. Umisiri wapamwamba umaphatikizapo malingaliro monga heterogeneous catalysis, kupanga zida za semiconductor, ma cell amafuta, zodziphatikiza zokha zodziphatikiza, ndi zomatira.

 

Surface chemistry imatha kutanthauzidwa momveka bwino ngati kafukufuku wamakhemical reaction pamalo olumikizirana. Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi uinjiniya wapamtunda, womwe umafuna kukonzanso kapangidwe kake ka zinthu zapamtunda pophatikiza zinthu zosankhidwa kapena magulu ogwirira ntchito omwe amatulutsa zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafunidwa kapena kusintha kwa zinthu zapamtunda kapena mawonekedwe. Sayansi yapamtunda ndiyofunikira kwambiri pazinthu monga heterogeneous catalysis ndi zokutira zopyapyala zamakanema.

 

Kusanthula ndi kusanthula kwapamwamba kumaphatikizapo njira zonse zowunikira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala. Njira zingapo zamakono zimafufuza pamwamba pa 1-10 nm pa malo omwe ali ndi vacuum. Izi zikuphatikiza X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), thermal desorption spectroscopy, ion spttering spectroscopy, sekondale ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) , ndi njira zina zowunikira pamwamba. Zambiri mwa njirazi zimafuna vacuum ndi zida zodula chifukwa zimadalira kuzindikira kwa ma elekitironi kapena ma ion opangidwa kuchokera pamwamba pophunzira. Kupatula njira zamankhwala zotere, njira zakuthupi kuphatikiza zowonera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

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Pazantchito zilizonse zaumisiri zomwe zingakhudze malo, zomatira, kukulitsa kumamatira kumtunda, kusinthidwa kwapamwamba popanga malo kukhala hydrophobic (kunyowetsa kovuta), hydrophillic (kunyowetsa kosavuta), antistatic, antibacterial kapena antifungal... etc., lemberani ife ndi asayansi athu apamtunda. zidzakuthandizani pakupanga kwanu ndi ntchito zachitukuko. Tili ndi chidziwitso chodziwikiratu kuti ndi njira ziti zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kusanthula malo anu enieni komanso kupeza zida zapamwamba kwambiri zoyesera.

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Zina mwa ntchito zomwe timapereka pakuwunika pamwamba, kuyesa ndikusintha ndi:

• Kuyesa ndi mawonekedwe a pamwamba

•  Kusintha kwa malo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera monga flame hydrolysis, plasma surface treatment, deposition of functional layers….etc.

• Kupititsa patsogolo njira zowunikira, kuyesa ndi kusintha

• Kusankha, kugula, kusinthidwa kwa chithandizo chapamwamba ndi zida zosinthira, zida zamachitidwe ndi mawonekedwe

• Reverse engineering of surface treatment for special applications

• Kuvula ndi kuchotsa zomangira zowonda zamakanema zomwe zidalephera komanso zokutira kuti mufufuze malo omwe ali pansi kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa.

• Umboni wa akatswiri ndi ntchito zamilandu

• Ntchito zofunsira

 

Timapanga kusintha kwapamwamba pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza:

• Kupititsa patsogolo kumamatira kwa zokutira ndi magawo

• Kupanga pamwamba pa hydrophobic kapena hydrophilic

• Kupanga malo okhala antistatic kapena static

• Kupanga pamwamba pa antifungal ndi antibacterial

 

Mafilimu Opyapyala ndi Zopaka

Mafilimu opyapyala kapena zokutira ndi zinthu zopyapyala zochokera ku tizigawo ta nanometer (monolayer) mpaka ma micrometer angapo mu makulidwe. Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi, zokutira zowoneka bwino, zokutira zosagwirizana ndi zina mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapindula ndi kupanga filimu yopyapyala.

 

Kagwiritsidwe kake ka mafilimu opyapyala ndi kagalasi wapanyumba kamene kamakhala ndi zokutira zachitsulo zopyapyala kumbuyo kwa galasi kuti ziwonekere. Njira yopangira siliva inali kale yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi. Masiku ano, zokutira zoonda kwambiri zafilimu zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, filimu yopyapyala kwambiri (yosakwana nanometer) imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi awiri. Kagwiridwe ka zokutira zokutira (monga zotchingira zowala, kapena zokutira za AR) nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino pamene filimu yopyapyala imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi ma indices owoneka bwino. Zofananira zanthawi ndi nthawi zamakanema opyapyala azinthu zosiyanasiyana zitha kupanga pamodzi zomwe zimatchedwa kuti superlattice yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zochitika za kutsekeka kwa kuchuluka poletsa zochitika zamagetsi kuti zikhale magawo awiri. Ntchito zina za zokutira zamakanema zopyapyala ndi makanema opyapyala a ferromagnetic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kukumbukira pakompyuta, kutumiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakanema opaka mankhwala, mabatire amafilimu owonda. Mafilimu oonda a ceramic amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ponseponse. Kuuma kwambiri komanso kusalimba kwa zida zadothi kumapangitsa mitundu iyi ya zokutira zoonda kuti zitetezedwe ku zinthu zapansi pa dzimbiri, makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuvala. Makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zotere pazida zodulira kumatha kukulitsa moyo wa zinthu izi ndi maulamuliro angapo a ukulu. Kafukufuku akuchitidwa pa ntchito zambiri. Chitsanzo cha kafukufuku ndi gulu latsopano la woonda filimu zosawerengeka okusayidi zipangizo, otchedwa amorphous heavy-zitsulo cation multicomponent okusayidi, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga transistors mandala kuti ndi otsika mtengo, khola, ndi chilengedwe chosaopsa.

 

Monga phunziro lina lililonse laumisiri, gawo la makanema owonda limafunikira mainjiniya osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza akatswiri opanga mankhwala. Tili ndi zothandizira kwambiri mderali ndipo titha kukupatsirani izi:

• Mafilimu owonda & zokutira kupanga ndi chitukuko

• Mafilimu owonda ndi zokutira kuphatikiza kuyesa kwamankhwala ndi kusanthula.

• Kuyika kwamafuta ndi thupi lamafilimu opyapyala & zokutira (plating, CSD, CVD, MOCVD, PECVD, MBE, PVD monga sputtering, reactive sputtering, and evaporation, e-beam, topotaxy)

• Kupyolera mukupanga mafilimu ovuta kwambiri, timapanga zinthu zambiri monga ma nano-composites, mapangidwe a 3D, milu yamagulu osiyanasiyana, multilayers, .... ndi zina.

• Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa filimu yopyapyala ndi zokutira, etching, processing

• Kusankha, kugula, kusinthidwa kwa filimu yopyapyala ndi zokutira ndi zida zowonetsera

• Reverse engineering yamakanema owonda ndi zokutira, kusanthula kwamankhwala ndi thupi kwa zigawo mkati mwazinthu zokutira zamitundu yambiri kuti mudziwe zomwe zili ndi mankhwala, zomangira, kapangidwe kake ndi katundu.

• Kusanthula kwachiyambi kwazomwe zidalephera kupanga mafilimu ndi zokutira

• Umboni wa akatswiri ndi ntchito zamilandu

• Ntchito zofunsira