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Analogi, Digital, Mixed Signal Design & Development & Engineering

ANALOG

Zamagetsi zaanalogi ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi chizindikiro chosasinthika. Mosiyana ndi izi, mu digito zamagetsi zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimatenga magawo awiri okha osiyana. Mawu oti "analogi" amafotokoza ubale wolingana pakati pa siginecha ndi voteji kapena mphamvu yomwe imayimira chizindikirocho. Chizindikiro cha analogi chimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a sing'anga kuti apereke chidziwitso cha siginecha. Mwachitsanzo, barometer imagwiritsa ntchito malo aang'ono a singano ngati chizindikiro kuti ipereke chidziwitso cha kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mumlengalenga. Zizindikiro zamagetsi zimatha kuyimilira chidziwitso posintha ma voliyumu awo, apano, ma frequency, kapena kuchuluka kwake. Chidziwitso chimasinthidwa kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ena akuthupi (monga phokoso, kuwala, kutentha, kuthamanga, malo) kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi ndi transducer yomwe imasintha mtundu wina wa mphamvu kukhala wina. Maikolofoni ndi chitsanzo cha transducer. Makina a analogi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi phokoso; ndiko kuti, kusokonezeka mwachisawawa kapena kusiyanasiyana. Popeza mitundu yonse ya siginecha ya analogi ndi yofunika, kusokoneza kulikonse kumakhala kofanana ndi kusintha kwa chizindikiro choyambirira ndipo kumawoneka ngati phokoso. Pamene chizindikirocho chikukopera ndi kukoperanso, kapena kufalitsidwa pamtunda wautali, kusiyana kwachisawawa kumeneku kumakhala kofunika kwambiri ndipo kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zizindikiro. Magwero ena a phokoso angabwere kuchokera kumagetsi akunja amagetsi, kapena zigawo zosapangidwira bwino. Zosokoneza izi zimachepetsedwa ndi chitetezo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zokulitsa phokoso lotsika (LNA). Mosasamala kanthu za ubwino wake pakupanga ndi zachuma, kamodzi kokha chipangizo chamagetsi cha digito chiyenera kugwirizana ndi dziko lenileni, chimafunika chipangizo chamagetsi cha analogi.

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Mapangidwe amagetsi a analogi & chitukuko ndi uinjiniya wakhala gawo lalikulu kwa ife kwa nthawi yayitali.  Zitsanzo zina zamakina a analogi omwe tagwirapo ntchito ndi:

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• Mawonekedwe ozungulira, ma amplifiers amitundu yambiri ndi kusefa kuti mukhale ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri

• Kusankha kwa sensor ndi kulumikizana

• Kuwongolera zamagetsi pamakina a electromechanical

• Mphamvu zamagetsi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana

• Oscillator, mawotchi ndi mabwalo anthawi

• Kusintha kwa ma siginecha, monga ma frequency to voltage

• Electromagnetic Interference control

DIGITAL

Zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi machitidwe omwe amayimira ma siginecha ngati magawo ang'onoang'ono, osati ngati mtundu wopitilira. Nthawi zambiri chiwerengero cha zigawo ndi ziwiri, ndipo maikowa amaimiridwa ndi milingo iwiri yamagetsi: imodzi pafupi ndi ziro volts ndi ina pamlingo wapamwamba kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Magawo awiriwa nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ngati "Low" ndi "High." Ubwino wofunikira wa njira zama digito umachokera ku mfundo yakuti ndikosavuta kupeza chipangizo chamagetsi kuti chisinthe kukhala amodzi mwa mayiko odziwika bwino kusiyana ndi kubwereza molondola mndandanda wazinthu zopitirira. Zamagetsi zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera kumagulu akulu azipata zomveka, mawonekedwe osavuta amagetsi a ntchito za Boolean logic. Ubwino umodzi wa mabwalo a digito poyerekeza ndi ma analogi ozungulira ndikuti ma siginecha omwe amaimiridwa ndi digito amatha kufalikira popanda kuwonongeka chifukwa cha phokoso. M'dongosolo la digito, chithunzithunzi cholondola cha chizindikiro chikhoza kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito manambala a binary kuti chiyimire. Ngakhale izi zimafuna mabwalo ochulukirapo a digito kuti agwiritse ntchito ma sigino, nambala iliyonse imayendetsedwa ndi mtundu womwewo wa zida. Makina oyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta amatha kuyendetsedwa ndi mapulogalamu, kulola kuti ntchito zatsopano ziwonjezedwe popanda kusintha zida. Nthawi zambiri izi zitha kuchitika kunja kwa fakitale pokonzanso mapulogalamu azinthu. Chifukwa chake, zolakwika za kapangidwe kazinthuzo zitha kuwongoleredwa pambuyo poti mankhwalawa ali m'manja mwa kasitomala. Kusunga zidziwitso kumatha kukhala kosavuta pamakina a digito kuposa ma analogi. Phokoso-chitetezo cha machitidwe a digito chimalola kuti deta isungidwe ndikubwezeredwa popanda kuwonongeka. M'dongosolo la analogi, phokoso lochokera ku ukalamba ndi kuvala limasokoneza zomwe zasungidwa. Mu dongosolo la digito, bola ngati phokoso lonse liri pansi pa mlingo wina, chidziwitsocho chikhoza kubwezeretsedwa bwino. Nthawi zina, mabwalo a digito amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa ma analogi kuti akwaniritse ntchito zomwezo, motero amatulutsa kutentha kwambiri. M'makina osunthika kapena oyendetsedwa ndi batri izi zitha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito makina a digito. Komanso mabwalo a digito nthawi zina amakhala okwera mtengo, makamaka pang'ono. Tiyeni titsindikenso mfundo iyi: Dziko lomveka ndi analogi, ndipo ma siginecha ochokera kudziko lino ndi kuchuluka kwa analogi. Mwachitsanzo, kuwala, kutentha, phokoso, magetsi, magetsi ndi maginito ndi analogi. Makina othandiza kwambiri a digito ayenera kumasulira kuchokera ku ma analogi osalekeza kupita kuzizindikiro za digito. Izi zimayambitsa zolakwika za quantization. 

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Titha kupatsa makasitomala athu ntchito zomwe akuyang'ana kuti athane ndi zosowa zazifupi komanso zazitali, komanso akatswiri odziwa zamaukadaulo apadera. Monga akatswiri a Digital Electronics, kutengera zosowa zanu, titha kuyika madera monga kukhazikitsa, kamangidwe kadongosolo, kuyesa, kutsimikizika ndi zolemba. Kupatula luso laukadaulo, kapangidwe ka zida zamakompyuta kumafunanso luso lotha kuchita ntchito zachitukuko pakanthawi kochepa komanso pamtundu wapamwamba zomwe timadziwika bwino. 3194-bb3b-136bad5cf58d_regulatory zofunika pa EMC, RoHS ndi chitetezo. AGS-Enginering amatha kupeza ma lab apadera ndi zida zamapangidwe, kotero titha kupanga zinthu kuchokera kuzinthu zomaliza mpaka zomaliza. Timapereka akatswiri m'magawo otsatirawa:

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• Mapangidwe a analogi ndi digito

• Mapangidwe a wailesi

• ASIC/FPGA kapangidwe

• Kapangidwe kadongosolo

• Masensa anzeru

• Ukatswiri wapamlengalenga

• Kuwongolera / ma robotiki

• Broadband

• Medical- ndi IVD-miyezo

• EMC ndi chitetezo

• Chithunzi cha LVD

Zina mwa matekinoloje akuluakulu ndi nsanja zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi:

• Njira zolumikizirana (Ethernet, USB, IrDA etc.)

• Ukadaulo wa wailesi (GPS, BT, WLAN etc.)

• Kupereka mphamvu ndi kasamalidwe

• Kuwongolera ndi kuyendetsa galimoto

• Mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a digito

• FPGA, VHDL mapulogalamu

• Chiwonetsero chazithunzi cha LCD

• Mapurosesa ndi MCU

• Mtengo wa ASIC

• ARM, DSP

Zida Zazikulu:

• Xilinx ISE

• ModelSim

• Leonardo

• Synplify

• Cadence Allegro

• HyperLynx

• Quartus

• JTAG

• Kujambula kwa OrCAD

• Pspice

• Zithunzi za Mentor

• Ulendo

CHIZINDIKIRO WOSAKIKIZIKA

Chigawo chophatikizika chophatikizika ndi mawonekedwe aliwonse ophatikizika omwe amakhala ndi ma analogi ndi ma dijiti a digito pa semiconductor imodzi kufa. Nthawi zambiri, tchipisi tosakanikirana (zikufa) zimagwira ntchito zina zonse kapena ntchito yaying'ono pagulu lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi dongosolo lonse-pa-a-chip. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito makina onse a digito ndi ma analogi ozungulira, ma IC osakanikirana nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti akhale ndi cholinga chodziwika bwino ndipo kapangidwe kake kamafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala zida zopangira makompyuta (CAD). Kuyesera kokha kwa tchipisi tamaliza kungakhalenso kovuta. Mixed-signal applications ndi ena mwa magawo amsika omwe akukula mwachangu pamsika wamagetsi. Kuwunika kwa chipangizo chilichonse chaposachedwa monga foni yanzeru, kompyuta yam'manja, kamera ya digito kapena 3D TV kumatiwonetsa kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito a analogi ndi digito pamakina, SoC ndi silicon. Gulu lathu la opanga ma analogi akuluakulu, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zaposachedwa kwambiri zopangira ndi zida zamapangidwe ali okonzeka kuthana ndi zovuta zamtundu wa analogi komanso zovuta zosiyanasiyana. AGS-Engineering ili ndi chidziwitso cha domeni kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri komanso zovuta zamagawo a analogi.

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• Ma serial othamanga kwambiri, otembenuza ma data, ma module oyang'anira mphamvu, RF yamagetsi otsika, ma ma macro a analogi amtengo wapatali. Tili ndi ukadaulo wophatikizira ma analogi macros kukhala ma siginecha osakanikirana ndi zida za analogi zokha

• Mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a IO

  • DDR1 mpaka DDR4

  • Zithunzi za LVDS

• IO library

• Magawo owongolera mphamvu

• Low mphamvu mwambo dera kapangidwe

• Mapangidwe a SRAM, DRAM, TCAM

• PLLs, DLLs, Oscillators

• Ma DAC ndi ADCs

• Kutembenuka kwa IP: njira zatsopano ndi matekinoloje

• Ma SerDes PHYs

  • USB 2.0/3.0

  • PCI Express

  • 10 GE

• Kusintha ndi mzere wowongolera

• Malizitsani mpope owongolera

• Op-amps osiyanasiyana

Tili ndi akatswiri a Verilog-AMS omwe amatha kupanga malo apamwamba otsimikizira ma siginecha amtundu wosakanikirana wa IC. Gulu lathu la mainjiniya lapanga malo ovuta otsimikizira kuyambira ziphaso, kulemba macheke odzifufuza okha, kupanga mayeso osasintha, athandizira makasitomala kudzuka ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsimikizira zaposachedwa kwambiri kuphatikiza Verilog-A/AMS modelling komanso RNM. ndi magulu otsimikizira kapangidwe kake, kufalikira kwa AMS kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi malo otsimikizira digito kuti zitsimikizire kuti zolumikizira zaphimbidwa ndi chilengedwe chilichonse. Akatswiri athu opanga ma modelling athandizira gawo la zomangamanga ndi zofotokozera pomanga zitsanzo zomwe zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi dongosolo lachitsanzo. Kamodzi kachitidwe kachitidwe kakapezeka kuti kakwaniritse cholingacho ndiye kuti ndondomekoyi imapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsanzo cha Verilog-A/AMS.

Titha kuthandiza makasitomala athu kusintha mitundu yawo ya Verilog-A kukhala mitundu ya RNM. RNM imalola mainjiniya otsimikizira za digito kuti atsimikizire kapangidwe kake mpaka mulingo wofanana ndi wa mainjiniya a AMS koma kupeza zotsatira mwachangu kwambiri kuposa AMS.

Pansipa pali zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe athu osakanikirana & chitukuko ndi uinjiniya:

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• Mapulogalamu a Smart Sensor: Consumer Mobile, Data Acquisition and Processing, MEMS & ma Sensor ena Otuluka, Integrated Sensor Fusion, Sensor yopereka Chidziwitso m'malo mwa Data, Kuzindikira Kwawaya pa intaneti ya Zinthu ... etc.

• Mapulogalamu a RF: Mapangidwe a Olandira, Ma Transmitters ndi Synthesizer, magulu a ISM kuchokera ku 38MHz mpaka 6GHz, olandila GPS, Bluetooth ... etc.

• Mapulogalamu Ogwiritsa Ntchito Pam'manja: Audio & Chiyankhulo cha Anthu, Owongolera Owonetsa, Owongolera Makina, Kasamalidwe ka Battery Yam'manja

• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zanzeru: Kutembenuza Mphamvu, Zida Zamagetsi Zamagetsi, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kuwala kwa LED

• Ntchito Zamakampani: Kuwongolera Magalimoto, Kuyenda Magalimoto, Kuyesa ndi Kuyeza

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PCB & PCBA DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Bolodi yosindikizidwa, kapena yotchulidwa mwachidule kuti PCB, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira ndi kulumikiza zida zamagetsi zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira, mayendedwe, kapena mayendedwe, zomwe zimakhazikika kuchokera pamapepala amkuwa omwe amayikidwa pagawo lopanda conductive. PCB yokhala ndi zida zamagetsi ndi msonkhano wadera wosindikizidwa (PCA), womwe umadziwikanso kuti printed circuit board assembly (PCBA). Mawu akuti PCB nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamwayi kwa matabwa opanda kanthu komanso osonkhanitsidwa. Ma PCB nthawi zina amakhala ndi mbali imodzi (kutanthauza kuti amakhala ndi gawo limodzi loyendetsa), nthawi zina mbali ziwiri (kutanthauza kuti ali ndi zigawo ziwiri zoyendetsera) ndipo nthawi zina amabwera ngati zigawo zambiri (zokhala ndi zigawo zakunja ndi zamkati za njira zoyendetsera). Kuti zimveke momveka bwino, m'mabokosi osindikizira amitundu yambiri, zigawo zingapo zazinthu zimayikidwa pamodzi. Ma PCB ndi otsika mtengo, ndipo akhoza kukhala odalirika kwambiri. Amafuna khama lochulukirapo komanso mtengo woyambira wokwera kuposa mabwalo okulungidwa ndi mawaya kapena ma point-to-point, koma ndi otsika mtengo komanso achangu popanga ma voliyumu apamwamba. Zambiri zamakampani opanga zamagetsi PCB kapangidwe, kusonkhana, ndi zosowa zowongolera zabwino zimakhazikitsidwa ndi miyezo yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi bungwe la IPC.

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Tili ndi mainjiniya apadera pa PCB & PCBA kapangidwe & chitukuko ndi kuyesa. Ngati muli ndi pulojekiti yomwe mungafune kuti tiwunike, lemberani. Tiganizira za malo omwe alipo mumagetsi anu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera kwambiri za EDA (Electronic Design Automation) zomwe zilipo kuti mupange kujambula kwadongosolo. Okonza athu odziwa adzayika zigawo ndi masinki otentha m'malo abwino kwambiri pa PCB yanu. Tikhoza mwina kulenga bolodi kuchokera schematic ndiyeno kulenga GERBER FAyilo kwa inu kapena tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito owona Gerber kupanga matabwa PCB ndi kutsimikizira ntchito yawo. Ndife osinthika, kotero kutengera zomwe muli nazo komanso zomwe mukufuna kuti tichite, tizichita moyenera. Monga opanga ena amafunira, timapanganso fayilo ya Excellon kuti titchule mabowo obowola. Zina mwa zida za EDA zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ndi:

• Pulogalamu yamapangidwe a EAGLE PCB

• KiCad

• Protel

AGS-Engineering ili ndi zida ndi chidziwitso chopangira PCB yanu mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi yayikulu kapena yaying'ono.

Timagwiritsa ntchito zida zamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri amakampani ndipo timayendetsedwa kuti tikhale abwino kwambiri.

• HDI Designs yokhala ndi ma micro vias ndi zida zapamwamba - Via-in-Pad, laser micro vias.

• Liwiro lalitali, mapangidwe angapo a PCB ya digito - Mayendedwe a mabasi, mawiri awiri osiyana, kutalika kofanana.

• Mapangidwe a PCB a malo, ankhondo, azachipatala ndi ntchito zamalonda

• Zambiri za RF ndi kapangidwe ka analogi (tinyanga zosindikizidwa, mphete zolondera, zishango za RF...)

• Nkhani za kukhulupirika kwa ma Signal kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zanu zamapangidwe a digito (zosasinthika, mawiri awiri ...)

• Kuwongolera kwa PCB Layer kwa kukhulupirika kwa ma sign ndi kuwongolera kwa impedance

• DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, SAS ndi ukatswiri wama mayendedwe apawiri

• Mapangidwe apamwamba a SMT (BGA, uBGA, PCI, PCIE, CPCI...)

• Mapangidwe a Flex PCB amitundu yonse

• Mapangidwe otsika a analogi a PCB a metering

• Mapangidwe otsika kwambiri a EMI a mapulogalamu a MRI

• Zojambula zomaliza

• Kupanga data mu Circuit Test (ICT)

• Drill, mapanelo ndi zojambula zodula zidapangidwa

• Zolemba zamaukadaulo zidapangidwa

• Autorouting pazambiri za PCB

Zitsanzo zina za ntchito zokhudzana ndi PCB & PCA zomwe timapereka ndi

• Ndemanga ya ODB++ ya Valor kuti mutsimikizire kapangidwe kake ka DFT / DFT.

• Ndemanga yathunthu ya DFM yopanga

• Ndemanga yathunthu ya DFT yoyesa

• Part database management

• Kusintha chigawo ndi kusintha

• Kusanthula kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro

Ngati simunafike pagawo la mapangidwe a PCB & PCBA, koma mukufunikira ma schematics a mabwalo apakompyuta, tili pano kuti tikuthandizeni. Onani mindandanda yathu ina monga ma analogi ndi kapangidwe ka digito kuti mudziwe zambiri za zomwe tingakuchitireni. Choncho, ngati mukufuna schematics poyamba, tikhoza kukonzekera iwo ndiyeno transfer schematics wanu chithunzi chojambula wanu kusindikizidwa dera bolodi ndi kenako kulenga Gerber owona.

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Mapangidwe apadziko lonse a AGS-Engineering ndi maukonde ogwirizana ndi ma tchanelo amapereka njira pakati pa omwe timagwira nawo ntchito movomerezeka ndi makasitomala athu omwe akufunika ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi mayankho otsika mtengo munthawi yake. Dinani ulalo wotsatirawu kuti mutsitseDESIGN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMkabuku. 

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Ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe tingapangire komanso luso lathu la uinjiniya, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mupite patsamba lathu lopangira makondahttp://www.agstech.netkomwe mungapezenso zambiri za PCB & PCBA prototyping ndi luso lopanga.