Elu na-ekpuchi ihe niile na ekele na nkà na ụzụ nke oge a anyị nwere ọtụtụ nhọrọ iji na-emeso elu (kemịkalụ, anụ ahụ ... wdg) ma gbanwee ya n'ụzọ bara uru, na ihe ndị a chọrọ gụnyere nkwalite nke adhesion nke mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị n'elu, mgbanwe elu maka ime elu. hydrophobic (wetting siri ike), hydrophillic (wetting dị mfe), antistatic, antibacterial ma ọ bụ antifungal, na-eme ka catalysis dị iche iche, na-eme ka ngwaọrụ semiconductor na-emepụta & mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ ọkụ & ndị monolayers na-agbakọta onwe ha ... wdg. Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke elu anyị na ndị injinia nwere ahụmịhe nke ọma iji nyere gị aka n'ichepụta gị na mbọ mmepe nke akụrụngwa, n'otu n'otu na ebe ngwaahịa emechara. Anyị nwere ihe ọmụma na ahụmịhe iji chọpụta usoro ị ga-eji nyochaa ma gbanwee elu gị. Anyị nwekwara ohere ịnweta akụrụngwa nnwale kachasị elu.

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Enwere ike kọwapụta kemịkalụ dị n'elu dị ka ọmụmụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na ihu. Chemistry dị n'elu nwere njikọ chiri anya na injinịa elu, nke na-achọ imegharị ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke elu site na itinye ihe ndị ahọpụtara ma ọ bụ otu na-arụ ọrụ nke na-emepụta mmetụta dị iche iche achọrọ na uru bara uru ma ọ bụ mmelite na njirimara nke elu ma ọ bụ interface. Adhesion nke gas ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri molekul n'elu ka a maara dị ka adsorption. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi chemisorption ma ọ bụ site na physisorption. Site n'ịkwado kemịkalụ elu, anyị nwere ike nweta nkwalite na nrapado ka mma. A na-emetụta omume nke interface ihe ngwọta dabere na ụgwọ elu, dipoles, ike, na nkesa ha n'ime okpukpu abụọ eletrik. Fisiks dị n'elu na-amụ mgbanwe anụ ahụ nke na-eme na interfaces, ma na-agafe na kemistri elu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị a nyochara site na physics elu gụnyere mgbasa nke elu, nrụgharị elu, phonons na plasmons, epitaxy na n'elu agbasasị Raman, mpụta na tunneling nke electrons, spintronics, na nchikota onwe nke nanostructures n'elu.

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Ọmụmụ na nyocha nke elu anyị gụnyere ma usoro nyocha anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal. Ọtụtụ ụzọ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-enyocha ihe kacha elu 1-10 nm nke mbara ala ekpughere na agụụ. Ndị a na-agụnye X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), obere ume electron diffraction (LEED), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), ion mgbasa spectroscopy (ISS), nke abụọ. ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), na ụzọ nyocha elu ndị ọzọ gụnyere na ndepụta nke usoro nyocha ihe. Ọtụtụ n'ime usoro ndị a na-achọ oghere ka ha na-adabere na nchọpụta nke eletrọn ma ọ bụ ion ndị na-esi n'elu a na-amụ. Enwere ike iji usoro anya naanị iji mụọ ihu n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Enwere ike iji infrared ntughari-absorption, Raman kwalitere elu, yana nchikota nchikota spectroscopies nke ọgbọ na-eme nchọpụta siri ike yana gas siri ike, mmiri siri ike, na ikuku gas. Ụzọ nyocha anụ ahụ nke oge a gụnyere nyocha-tunneling microscope (STM) na ezinụlọ nke ụzọ sitere na ya. Ihe ntakiri ndị a amụbaala ike na ọchịchọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị n'elu iji tụọ nhazi anụ ahụ nke elu.

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Ụfọdụ ọrụ anyị na-enye maka nyocha elu, nnwale, njirimara na mgbanwe bụ:

• Nnwale na njirimara nke elu site na iji ọtụtụ kemịkalụ, anụ ahụ, igwe, ngwa anya (lee ndepụta dị n'okpuru)

• Mgbanwe nke elu site na iji usoro kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka ọkụ hydrolysis, plasma n'elu ọgwụgwọ, deposition nke ọrụ n'ígwé ....etc.

• Usoro mmepe maka nyocha elu, nyocha, nhicha elu na mgbanwe

• Nhọrọ, ịzụ ahịa, mgbanwe nke nhicha elu, ọgwụgwọ na akụrụngwa mgbanwe, usoro na akụrụngwa njirimara.

• Reverse engineering nke elu na interfaces

• Iwepụ & iwepụ ihe owuwu ihe nkiri dị gịrịgịrị dara ada na mkpuchi iji nyochaa ihe dị n'okpuru iji chọpụta ihe kpatara ya.

• Ọkachamara akaebe na ọrụ ịgba akwụkwọ

• Ọrụ ndụmọdụ

 

Anyị na-arụ ọrụ injinia na ngbanwe elu maka ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere:

• Nhicha nke elu na mkpochapụ adịghị ọcha na-achọghị

• Ịkwalite adhesion nke mkpuchi na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe

• Ime elu hydrophobic ma ọ bụ hydrophilic

• Na-eme ka elu dị iche iche ma ọ bụ static

• Ime elu magnetik

• Na-abawanye ma ọ bụ na-ebelata ịdị nro n'elu na micro na nano akpịrịkpa.

• Ime n'elu antifungal na antibacterial

• Na-agbanwe ihe dị n'elu iji mee ka catalysis dị iche iche nwee ike

• Na-agbanwe elu na ihu maka ihicha, na-ebelata nrụgide, melite nrapado… wdg. iji mee ka nrụpụta ngwaọrụ multilayer semiconductor kwe omume, mkpụrụ ndụ mmanụ ọkụ & monolayers jikọtara onwe ya ga-ekwe omume.

 

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, anyị nwere ohere dị iche iche nke omenala na elu ule na njirimara akụrụngwa nke a na-eji na ihe nyocha gụnyere ọmụmụ nke elu, interfaces na mkpuchi:

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• Goniometry maka nha nkuku kọntaktị n'elu

• Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Oge ụgbọ elu SIMS (TOF-SIMS)

• Nzigharị Electron microscope – Nyochaa nnyefe eletrọn microscope (TEM-STEM)

• Nyocha Electron Microscope (SEM)

• X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy – Electron Spectroscopy maka nyocha kemịkal (XPS-ESCA)

• Spectrophotometry

• Spectrometry

• Ellipsometry

• Spectroscopic Reflectometry

• Glossmeter

• Interferometry

• Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)

• Chromatography Liquid Na-arụ Ọrụ Dị Elu (HPLC)

• Chromatography gas – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

• Spectrometry Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) jikọtara ọnụ nke ọma

• Ihe nleba anya nke ukwuu (GDMS)

• Ọkpụkpụ Laser na-ejikọta Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)

• Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)

• Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)

• Spectroscopy ike na-agbasasị ike (EDS)

• Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

• Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)

• Mgbasa elektrọn dị obere ike (LEED)

• Ihe nleba anya na-eme ka Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) jikọtara ọnụ.

• Raman

• Mgbasa X-ray (XRD)

• X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

• Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

• Igwe ọkụ abụọ - Ion Beam lekwasịrị anya (Dual Beam – FIB)

• Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD)

• Profilometry anya

• Stylus Profilometry

• Nnwale Microscratch

• Nyocha gas fọdụrụnụ (RGA) & Ọdịnaya Vapor Mmiri dị n'ime

• Nyocha gas akụrụngwa (IGA)

• Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS)

• Mgbakọta ntule X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF)

• Ntụle X-ray pụrụ iche (XRR)

• Nyocha Mechanical Dynamic (DMA)

• Nyocha anụ ahụ na-emebi emebi (DPA) kwekọrọ na ihe MIL-STD chọrọ

• Calorimetry nyocha dị iche (DSC)

• Nyocha Thermogravimetric (TGA)

• Nyocha Thermomechanical (TMA)

• Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS)

• Ezigbo X-ray (RTX)

• Nyocha Acoustic Microscope (SAM)

• Igwe nyocha-tunneling microscopy (STM)

• Nnwale iji nyochaa akụrụngwa eletrọnịkị

• Mpempe akwụkwọ Nguzogide & Anisotropy & Mapping & Homogeneity

• Nleba omume

• Nnwale anụ ahụ & igwe dịka nleba anya nrụgide ihe nkiri dị mkpa

• Nlele okpomọkụ ndị ọzọ dị ka achọrọ

• Ụlọ gburugburu ebe obibi, ule ịka nká